in the early stages of a construction project, the reliability and accuracy of conceptual cost estimates are major concerns for clients and cost engineers. previous studies applied scoring methods and established common rules or mathematical methods to assess the quality of cost estimates. however, those approaches have some limitations in adapting to real-world projects or require understandin...

introduction : root canal treatment (rct) success criteria inform us of the path to bony healing and of prognostic factors, but tell little about how the patient perceives, feels, or values rct. patients choose, undergo, and pay for rct, they live with the result, and inform their community. the purpose of this narrative review was to appraise patient-centered outcomes of initial non-surgical r...

Quality has become part of the business strategy to increase competitive advantage. Companies that use quality as a strategic tool will have advantage over their competitors in controlling market. This research aims determine and obtain data on Total Management used regulating cost level design quality, so explain relationship influence between components costs also effect prevention, appraisal...

BACKGROUND Oomph! Wellness organises interactive exercise and activity classes (Oomph! classes) for older people in care homes. We investigated the cost-effectiveness of Oomph! classes. METHODS Health-related quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D-5 L questionnaire at three time points; 3 months and 1 week prior to the start of the classes and after 3 months of Oomph! classes. Costs inc...

BACKGROUND In a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) on childhood eczema we reported that substituting nurse practitioners (NPs) for dermatologists resulted in similar outcomes of eczema severity and in the quality of life, and higher patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVES To determine costs and cost-effectiveness of care provided by NPs vs. dermatologists and to compare our results with those in stu...

The rehabilitation services for children with cerebral palsy are provided in two forms: home-based care and center-based care. The aim of this research was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the home-based accordance with the center-based care for kids with cerebral palsy. In this cost-effectiveness research, 56 children under 12 years old were assigned randomly to two rehabilitation program...

in this paper, the study deals with the lead time and setup reduction problem in the vendor-purchaser integrated inventory model. the cost of capital (i.e., opportunity cost) is one of the key factors in making the inventory and investment decisions. lead time is an important element in any inventory system. the proposed model is presents an integrated inventory model with controllable lead tim...

In the debate over health care costs, the tired statement that ‘everyone does not need a Cadillac when a Chevy will do’ is all too frequently cited. One implication of this statement is that high quality equals high cost. In fact, health care should turn to another automotive slogan, ‘Quality is Job 1’. In health care, high quality care often results in lower costs and improved outcomes. Consid...