INTRODUCTION Emulsion formulations are one of hard tasks since there are a lot of emulsifiers which can be selected. To save time in emulsifier selection, the hydrophile-lipohile balance (HLB) system has been used for choosing proper emulsifiers. Lipophilic compounds (oils, fats, and waxes) have an individual value called “required HLB”. An emulsifier or blend of emulsifiers, having an HLB equa...

In the present article we analyze the influence of various factors, both thermodynamic and hydrodynamic, on the stability of emulsion systems. The effect of the droplet size on the droplet life-time in an emulsion cream is quantified. The comparative importance of kinetic factors such as surface and bulk diffusion fluxes, or viscous and elastic surface stresses, is investigated. The fact that t...

Entropy production in pipeline adiabatic flow of water-in-oil emulsions is investigated experimentally in three different diameter pipes. The dispersed-phase (water droplets) concentration of emulsion is varied from 0 to 41% vol. The entropy production rates in emulsion flow are compared with the values expected in single-phase flow of Newtonian fluids with the same properties (viscosity and de...

In high-resolution radioautography, a common source of difficulty in the use of the loop method for applying Ilford L-4 emulsion (1) is an inhomogeneous distribution of water in the emulsion . This inhomogeneity may be due to bad environmental conditions during transportation. It is easily cured by melting the entire bottle of emulsion once before use. Our standard procedure for the preparation...

Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films have potential applications in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, AlN thin films with different thicknesses were deposited on silicon substrate by single ion beam sputtering method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed that the structure of films with thickness of - nm was amorphous, while the polycrystalline hexagonal AlN with a...

Bioactive essential oil components, aldehydes, terpenes and phenols can be encapsulated into nanosized emulsified droplets. Nano-encapsulated bioactive oils emulsions were prepared by high amplitude ultrasonic homogenization with food grade ingredients. The effect of delivery system on the antimicrobial activity of different oils components, e.g., carvacrol, lemon grass and cinnamaldehyde, was ...

The mRNA levels encoding for the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) were measured by computerized image analysis after in situ hybridization histochemistry and radioautography in the striatum and pallidum of normal squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), or after treatment with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). All MPTP-injected monkeys exhibited profound moto...

We present a model for the viscous friction in foams and concentrated emulsions, subject to steady shear flow. First, we calculate the energy dissipated due to viscous friction inside the films between two neighboring bubbles or drops, which slide along each other in the flow. Next, from this energy we calculate the macroscopic viscous stress of the sheared foam or emulsion. The model predictio...