This paper addresses the problems caused by an inappropriate selection of sliding surface parameters in fuzzy sliding mode controllers via an optimization approach. In particular, the proposed method employs the parallel distributed compensator scheme to design the state feedback based control law. The controller gains are determined in offline mode via a linear quadratic regular. The particle ...

in this paper a mesh-free model of the functionally graded material (fgm) plate is presented.  the piezoelectric material as a sensor and actuator has been distributed on the top and bottom of the plate, respectively. the formulation of the problem is based on the classical laminated plate theory (clpt) and the principle of virtual displacements. moreover, the particle swarm optimization (pso) ...

Abstract: A hierarchical sliding mode control approach is proposed for a class of SIMO under-actuated systems. This class of under-actuated systems is made up of several subsystems. Based on this physical structure, the hierarchical structure of the sliding surfaces is designed as follows. At first, the sliding surface of every subsystem is defined. Then the sliding surface of one subsystem is ...

An analysis of on-line autonomous robust tracking controller based on variable structure control is presented for an aerospace launch vehicle. Decentralized sliding-mode controller is designed to achieve the decoupled asymptotic tracking of guidance commands upon plant uncertainties and external disturbances. Development and application of the controller for an aerospace launch vehicle during a...

Hector M. Gutierrez Florida Institute of Technology 18.1 Sliding Mode Controller Design–An Overview 18.2 The Sliding Mode Formulation of the Robot Manipulator Motion Control Problem 18.3 Equivalent Control and Chatter Free Sliding Control 18.4 Control of Robotic Manipulators by Continuous Sliding Mode Laws Sliding Mode Formulation of the Robotic Manipulator Motion Control Problem • Sliding Mode...

It is now well understood that ATP-driven active sliding between the doublet microtubules in the sperm axoneme generates flagellar movement. However, much remains to be learned about how this movement is controlled. Detailed analyses of the flagellar beating of the mammalian spermatozoa revealed that there were two beating modes at a constant rate of microtubule sliding: that is, a nearly const...

I . Introduction 11. Evidence of a Centrosomal Origin for Axonal Microtubules A. Axonal Microtubules Do Not Originate within the Axon B. Nucleation and Release of Microtubules from the Neuronal Centrosome C. Inhibition of Microtubule Nucleation at the Centrosome Compromises Axon Growth D. Centrosomal Microtubules Are Transported into the Axon Ill. Implications of a Centrosomal Origin for Axonal...

Cytoskeletal remodeling is essential to eukaryotic cell division and morphogenesis. The mechanical forces driving the restructuring are attributed to the action of molecular motors and the dynamics of cytoskeletal filaments, which both consume chemical energy. By contrast, non-enzymatic filament crosslinkers are regarded as mere friction-generating entities. Here, we experimentally demonstrate ...

The movement of eukaryotic flagella is characterized by its oscillatory nature. In sea urchin sperm, for example, planar bends are formed in alternating directions at the base of the flagellum and travel toward the tip as continuous waves. The bending is caused by the orchestrated activity of dynein arms to induce patterned sliding between doublet microtubules of the flagellar axoneme. Although...