soil water potential was determined for three soil samples (i.e. 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth) by the filter paper method (hamblin, 1981) and also for four non-destructive soil samples (i.e. 0-30, 30-50, 50-75 and 75-90 cm horizon) using pressure plate method.  in filter paper method, the filter paper is placed in hydraulic contact with the soil until an equilibrium state is attained in which...

Kalman filtering has been widely considered for dynamic state estimation in smart grids. Despite its unique merits, the Kalman Filter (KF)-based dynamic state estimation can be undesirably influenced by cyber adversarial attacks that can potentially be launched against the communication links in the Cyber-Physical System (CPS). To enhance the security of KF-based state estimation, in this paper...

State estimation is the foundation of any control and decision making in power networks. The first requirement for a secure network is a precise and safe state estimator in order to make decisions based on accurate knowledge of the network status. This paper introduces a new estimator which is able to detect bad data with few calculations without need for repetitions and estimation residual cal...