This paper empirically explores the R&D promotion policy effects on SME performance measured by value-added productivity. We use a unique large panel data set on public R&D subsidy for Korean manufacturing firms. Econometrically, we control for counter-factual outcomes employing the DID (difference in differences) estimation procedure as well as for endogeneity of the R&D subsidy using the 2-st...

The level and distribution of the costs tradable allowance schemes are important determinants whether regulation is enacted. Theoretical simulation models have shown that updating allocations based on firm emissions or output can improve efficiency scheme by acting as a production subsidy. Using U.S. NOx Budget Program case study, this analysis tests electricity generators in states which chose...

This paper gives a brief overview of subsidy arrangements in the privatised passenger rail industry in Britain before focusing on productivity performance across the first four years under the new privatised structure. Subsidy reductions are analysed in terms of the average annual percentage increases required in passenger revenues to offset these reductions for each train operating company. Th...

This paper investigates a theoretical and empirical model to provide a new insight into the relationship between R&D subsidies and firmlevel productivity. The empirical analysis evaluates the productivity of firms involved in a European programme of public R&D subsidies called Eureka. The findings suggest that the Eureka firms experience on average productivity gains towards the end of the four...

This paper theoretically investigates how community approval or disapproval affects school attendance and child labor and how aggregate behavior of the community feeds back towards the formation and persistence of an anti(or pro-) schooling norm. The proposed community-model continues to take aggregate and idiosyncratic poverty into account as an important driver of low school attendance and ch...

Background and Context Maize, the main staple crop remains the dominant crop among smallholder farmers in Malawi. Smallholder farmers devote almost 70 percent of their land to maize cultivation, and maize availability in the country de nes the food security situation of the country. Smallholder agriculture in Malawi has been characterized by low productivity, low technology and labour intensive...

In India agriculture is operated and maintained by family of farmers. The proper financial accounting is not maintained in agriculture. Attention should be given on proper accounting in agriculture. The incomplete records are maintained on cash basis. Proper maintenance of accounts is useful for owners, government and research agencies. Government decided subsidy for fertilizers, manures and fo...

This paper proposes a model of investments in the cognitive skills of children that is based on three features: that it takes time to build a child’s stock of cognitive skills; that parental resources evolve stochastically over time; and that parents face constraints that limit their ability to transfer resources across states of nature, across time, and across generations. These constraints di...