Ten Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) parasitic wasp species described by Jean Brèthes and deposited in the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales in Buenos Aires are treated and their nomenclature stabilized. The condition of the type material is described. Lectotypes are designated for Decatoma cecidosiphaga Brèthes, Prodecatoma parodii Brèthes, Eudecatoma opposita Brèthes, and Eurytoma caridei Brèthe...

A Gram-positive bacterium that inhibits several root-rot pathogens was isolated from alder forest soil on the Oregon coast. This organism, similar to Bacillus cereus, produces in culture media a heat-stable, broad-spectrum antibiotic which inhibits growth of four important Northwest conifer root disease fungi: Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilbertson, Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke., Armillariella mellea (...

Fungi are an exceptional source of diverse and novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, with catalytic versatility. Agaricomycotina saprophytes have yielded most of the available information on basidiomycete P450s. This resulted in observing similar P450 family types in basidiomycetes with few differences in P450 families among Agaricomycotina saprophytes. The prese...

The Caribbean and North American species of the large, otherwise neotropical genus Grallipeza Rondani (Diptera: Micropezidae: Taeniapterinae) are revised and keyed. One species, G. nebulosa (Loew), is endemic to the southeastern United States and eighteen species are endemic to single Caribbean islands. Of these, the following nine are described as new: Grallipeza abeja, G. albiterga, G. cliffi...

Two prevalent issues with Gastrodia elata growing in a natural wild environment are the necessary symbiotic seed germination Mycena spp. and long cycle of protocorms into mature rhizomes Armillaria mellea. This study explored most suitable nutrients to germinate seeds developmental stages propagated protocorm/juvenile (jrhs) through tissue culture approach. Adding humic acid, mashed potato, pep...

BACKGROUND Minor saponins or human intestinal bacterial metabolites, such as ginsenosides Rg3, F2, Rh2, and compound K, are more pharmacologically active than major saponins, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1 was studied using enzyme preparations from cultured mycelia of mushrooms. METHODS Mycelia of Armillaria mellea, Ganoderma lucid...