In more recent years, it has become increasingly recognized that R&D (research and development) is a key driver of economic growth, a source of innovation and change, and as such stimulates improvements in productivity and economic competitiveness. It is closely associated with knowledge and flexibility, two factors that have gained new significance as a source of competitiveness in an increasi...

within the early theories of fdi and multinational firms, fdi and foreign trade were considered to be substitutes. new international trade theories emphasize, however the complementary relationship between fdi and foreign trade.this is the result of introducing new aspects in the models like increasing returns to scale, product differentiation and technology-differences among nations.this paper...

Why Corporate Taxes May Rise: The Case of Trade Liberalization and Foreign Ownership* Almost all the literature on tax competition in the presence of multinationals (MNCs) and profit shifting ignores trade costs. This Paper studies how economic integration, in terms of reduced trade costs and internationalization of ownership, affects tax competition and equilibrium corporate taxes. We find tha...

T his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between China and U.S. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. Our model includes a special case of Biased Growth Theory in international trade. We collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for U.S...

â â â  â â  abstract: â  china and asean have been maintaining a relationship both cooperative and competitive in the textile trade. due to its labor intensive feature and high dependence on foreign trade , the textile trade has received much attention after the 2008 financial crisis. the customs data (classified by the hs code) from year 2006-2009 is employed to research the impact of the cris...

This paper studies a search model of two-sided matching with terms of trade. In a market reside heterogenous sellers and buyers. Agents search for trading partners and meet bilaterally in a random fashion. The question of who trades with whom, besides the terms of trade, must be answered. We seek decentralized market equilibrium with search frictions. We show that the set of equilibria has a la...

We add inside and outside money to the standard GEI model. If there enough gains to trade via money, then monetary equilibrium (ME) exists and money has positive value, even when GEI fails to exist. The nonexistence of GEI shows up as a liquidity trap in terms of the ME. In sharp contrast to GEI, the ME are generically determinate not only in terms of real, but also financial, variables. © 2003...

Numerous models are proposed to model international trade and promote it. Vanek, instead of designing a trade pattern based on the production, introduced a pattern based on the factor content of trade. In the present study, apart from the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem, we attempt to determine the factor content of Iran's trade without factor price equalization by using internal input-outp...