Recent events have highlighted the vulnerabilities of airports and aircraft to terrorist attack, and has led to an increased police presence at many airports. Airport policing is designed to protect airport terminals and aircraft from terrorist attack. This paper assesses the risks and cost-effectiveness of Australian Federal Police (AFP) airport counter-terrorism (CT) policing at Australian ai...

ommunity policing is the principal operational strategy for many police organisations throughout the world. However, Community Based Policing, Community Oriented Policing or simply Community Policing is a value laden idea. Consequently, the way an organisation understands the history of police/community relations and the notions of 'community' and 'community policing' will largely dictate outco...

Urban regeneration programmes in the UK over the past 20 years have increasingly focused on attracting investors, middle-class shoppers and visitors by transforming places and creating new consumption spaces. Ensuring that places are safe and are seen to be safe has taken on greater salience as these flows of income are easily disrupted by changing perceptions of fear and the threat of crime. A...

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the recent development of the notion of “policing diversity” in England and Wales. In addition to outlining why policing diversity has become a preeminent theme in current debates about policing, the article explores central conceptual issues and argues that it does represent a fundamental break with long-standing notions such as “policing by...

Inhalt 1. Police and armed forces two polar types of coercive organizations ..................................................... 2 2. Decentralized Conflicts and Enlarged Policing Ambitions: the New Era of Global Policing ..................... 4 3. Ambiguities, Dilemmas and Incompatibilities: The New Problems of Policing Militaries ........................ 6 3.1 Unspecified intervention criter...

competition over who shall reproduce, but because it is apparently more efficient for the colony to cycle between phases of reproduction and foraging. Why cycling should be more efficient than continuous reproduction, as is seen in most eusocial insects, has not yet been addressed. Perhaps it is the only way these ants can control egg production. Interestingly, females of some solitary insects ...

High-performance frame communication networks including VDSL have been conceived to carry traffic sources and support a continuum of transport rates ranging from low bit-rate to high bit-rate traffic. As a number of telecommunications traffic (bursty traffic) fluctuates on a certain network it results in congestion. The traditional policing mechanisms are finite-sized buffers with queue managem...

Fuzzy control is based on fuzzy logic, which provides a most efficient way to handle inexact information as a basis of reasoning. With fuzzy logic it is possible to convert knowledge, which is expressed in an uncertain form, to an exact and precise output for uncertain systems. In fuzzy control, the controller can be simply represented by if-then-else rules. The interpretation of the controller...

the occupy wall street movement has presented a series of challenges to local law enforcement agencies. in response, many of them have relied on a variety of aggressive tactics, which in some cases have shocked public opinion, putting the issue of protest policing on the national agenda. three main narratives have emerged to explain these tactics: 1) there has been a broad “militarization” of t...