the written works of ibn bābawayh (shaykh ṣadūq), head of the traditionists and the distinguished figure of shī‘ī ḥadīth in fourth/tenth century, had amounted to 300 books and treatises. a proficient scholar, he has standards and criteria in the field of ḥadīth in general and in criticizing ḥadīth in particular that incorporate approaches and patterns as a guide map and a role model. in order t...

al-ghallābī is rated as among the shī‘ī authors of the third/eighth century, through whom many historical traditions have been related in shī‘ī and sunnī sources. examining the status of al-ghallābī’s traditions in the two major sects (of shī‘a and sunnī), this writing is intended to find the reason for the permeation of his traditions into the sources belonging to the sunnīs – who are very cau...

One phenomenon arising in epistemic life is allegiance to, and break from, a tradition. This has three central features. First, individuals who adhere to tradition seem respond dogmatically evidence against their Second, from different traditions appear see the same differently. And third, conversion one another appears be kind ordinary belief shift. paper uses recent work on nature rationality...

The incidence of cancer overall in Mediterranean countries is lower than in Scandinavian countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This is mostly accounted for by the lower incidence among Mediterranean countries of cancer of the large bowel, breast, endometrium, and prostate. These forms of cancer have been linked to dietary factors, particularly low consumption of vegetables and f...

When Christianity came to Australia, with the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, it came as the religion of the Europeans. After the new penal colony had survived the crises of the first few years, the British gradually extended their control over the whole continent. Thus they established in this country the dominance of European culture. In fact they were determined that this ‘new’ country w...