BACKGROUND This study estimated the modal shift associated with the implementation of a public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada. METHODS A population-based sample of adults participated in two cross sectional telephone surveys. Self-reported travel behaviors were collected at the end of the first (fall 2009) and second (fall 2010) season of implementation. The sample included 2502 (M...

Maneuvering vehicles is often a challenging task, because drivers are not able to see the whole surrounding area. In particular parts in the direct vicinity are not seen due to the driver’s position and the shape of the vehicle. Especially drivers of large vehicles, like truck-trailer combinations and buses, suffer from the limited field of view that also poses a risk to pedestrians and bicycli...

Special vehicles called transporters are used to deliver heavy blocks from one plant to another in shipyards. Because of the limitation on the number of transporters, the scheduling of transporters is important for maintaining the overall production schedule of the blocks. This paper considers a scheduling problem of block transportation under a delivery restriction to determine when and by whi...

Following the occurrence of unexpected events and natural disasters, a highly important relief operation is the transferring of relief commodities from the distribution centers (CDs) to shelters. In this paper, a three-level network consisting of depot of vehicles, distribution centers and shelters has been considered for routing and scheduling of relief vehicles through introducing a multi-obj...

objective: recent studies suggest that intermittent and prolonged normobaric hyperoxia (ho) results in ischemic tolerance to preventing ischemia brain injury. in this research attempts were made to see the changes in excitatory amio-acid transporter 3 (eaat3), tnf-α levels, and nf-κb activity following prolonged and intermittent nbho preconditioning. materials and methods: rats were divided i...

The cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe can significantly reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations by inhibiting the Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1), an intestinal sterol influx transporter that can actively facilitate the uptake of cholesterol for intestinal absorption. Unexpectedly, ezetimibe treatment also induces a complete resistance to cholesterol gallstone formation and no...

Multifunctional silica nano-vehicles (SiO2@indol-IL) and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@indol-IL) were constructed through the Schiff bases condensation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde and 4-acetyl-N-allyl pyridinium chloride (ILs) with the amine groups of silica and magnetic nanoparticles. SiO2@indol-IL can inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 cells in 48 h. Fe3O4@indol-IL can mimic the function of c...

BACKGROUND Methods of suicide and suicide rates in England and Wales have fluctuated considerably since the 1960s. AIMS To review the changes that have occurred in suicide rates in England and Wales between 1960 and 1997. METHOD Suicide rates, derived from total annual suicides and the estimated annual resident population, were obtained from the Office for National Statistics. RESULTS Sui...

Objective(s):Organic anion transporter polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) encoded by solute carrier organic transporter 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene; a transporter involved in the uptake of drugs and endogenous compounds is present in hepatocyte sinusoidal membrane. Aim of this study was to investigate the frequencies of functionally significant SNPs (388A>G and 521T>C) and their haplotypes in 6 ethnic groups of ...