one of the critical issues related to sustainable urban in twenty-first century, is the growth and development of the city in space and on this basis, the civil management was forced to think about urban development. tehran metropolis with its growing, developing immersive and without physical, environmental instability surrounding the statue has arrived. one of the ways for decentralization an...

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This paper details my field work experiences during my doctoral research in Nairobi rural-urban fringe, Kenya. The field work was conducted before, during and after a period of election related violence. The paper details the choice of my methodology and also enumerates various decisions that I had to take during the field work when the situation was visibly bleak. The paper provides lessons an...

The paper explores a framework combining remote sensing and spatial metrics aimed at improving the analysis and modeling of urban growth and land use change. While remote sensing data have been used in urban modeling and analysis for some time, the proposed combination of remote sensing and spatial metrics for that purpose is quite novel. Starting with a review of recent developments in each of...

IF Introduction sn IWWW fremner ‘I“ ™onsidered —rithmeti™ progressions on ellipti™ ™urvesF fremner ™onstru™ted ellipti™ ™urves with —rithmeti™ progressions of length UD iFeF r—tion—l points @X; Y A whose XE ™oordin—tes —re in —rithmeti™ progressionF sn — following p—per fremnerD ƒilverm—n —nd „z—n—kis ‘P“ showed th—t — su˜group of the ellipti™ ™urve E@QA with E X Y 2 a X@X 2 n 2 A of r—nk I doe...

One of the fundamental social and economic characteristics of the southern countries is the lack of development of spatial planning system whose symptom is the irregular expansion of urban settlements. Due to the ecological traits and national policy-making manner, this expansion has caused the centralization of regional metropolises in these countries. In the geographical spaces of Iran, speci...

introduction: assessing quality of life for patients with shoulder instability may be essential because of the negative impacts of the disease on patient’s life. the aim of the present study, therefore,  was  to  assess  the  internal  validity  and  consistency,  test-retest  reliability,  and convergent validity of the persian version of the oxford shoulder instability score (osis). material ...