Arnau de Vilanova, one of the most important physicians of the Latin Middle Ages, was familiar with the vast majority of Aristotle's works that had been translated into Latin. He used a wide range of them, such as the Organon--the introductory books on logic - and the natural philosophical books, which cover a different branches of knowledge. He used Aristotle as an authority, trying to reconci...

Adriane Fugh-Berman examines documents unsealed in recent litigation to investigate how pharmaceutical companies promoted hormone therapy drugs, including the use of medical writing companies to produce ghostwritten manuscripts and place them into medical journals.

A d × n matrix, n ≥ d, whose columns have equal length and whose rows are orthonormal is constructed. This is equivalent to finding an isometric tight frame of n vectors in R d (or C d), or writing the d × d identity matrix I = d n n i=1 P i , where the P i are rank 1 orthogonal projections. The simple inductive procedure given shows that there are many such isometric tight frames.

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Methods: First, we constructed a questionnaire based on the descriptors collected from various sources in order to elicit university teachers’ views on the importance of these descriptors. A revised version was produced based on the feedback from the initial questionnaire survey. In order to further investigate what level or levels these remaining descriptors would fall into, 35 university teac...

Previous work has found that experience with the directionality of a writing system (e.g., left-to-right in English, right-toleft in Hebrew) can affect constituent ordering during spoken language production. Specifically, this work found that speakers of languages with left-to-right writing systems exhibit the same directionality bias in the sequential mentioning of objects when describing pict...