The aryl-(Z)-N-[2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl]formamidine 2 cyclize in solvent-free conditions and in the presence of a base to give a 5-amino-1-aryl-4-cyanoimidazoles 3. Silica sulfuric acid as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst has been used for the preparation of amidines 2 from formimidate 1 through reaction with aromatic amines at room temperature and in good to excellent yields. ...

The aryl-(Z)-N-[2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl]formamidine 2 cyclize in solvent-free conditions and in the presence of a base to give a 5-amino-1-aryl-4-cyanoimidazoles 3. Silica sulfuric acid as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst has been used for the preparation of amidines 2 from formimidate 1 through reaction with aromatic amines at room temperature and in good to excellent yields. ...

Due to the high price of virgin vegetable oils and the drawbacks of the homogeneous catalytic transesterification, in this work an economically profitable alternative process was proposed for biodiesel synthesis in which transesterification of the low-cost waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol in a heterogeneous system was done. Alumina impregnated with sodium hydroxide was utilized as a solid ...

the cross-coupling reaction between phenylboronic acid and various types of aryl halides (suzuki reaction) was carried out using a catalytic amount of a new palladium catalyst (1-benzyl-3-(1-benzyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-yl) pyridin-1-ium palladium chloride [dbnt][pdcl4]) in poly (ethylene glycol) (peg-200) in the presence of koh as the base. this new catalyst was synthesized and characteri...

Gas-phase dehydration of lactic acid (LA) to acrylic acid (AA) was investigated over alkali-exchanged β zeolite (M(x)Na(1-x)β, M=Li(+), K(+), Rb(+), or Cs(+)) of different exchange degrees (x). The reaction was conducted under varying conditions to understand the catalyst selectivity for AA production and trends of byproduct formation. The nature and exchange degree of M(+) were found to be cri...

this study was carried out on 1330 infants, from one to 24 months old, suffering from diarrhoea and moderate to severe dehydration who were hospitalized in bahrami childrens' hospital over a period of eleven months. fifteen percent of them had signs of shock and 36% had marasmus. nine percent of treated children required readmission to hospital within 24 hours of discharge and 8% were hospitali...

We report a process for converting fructose, at a high concentration (15 weight %), to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a monomer used in the production of polyethylene furanoate, a renewable plastic. In our process, fructose is dehydrated to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) at high yields (70%) using a γ-valerolactone (GVL)/H2O solvent system. HMF is subsequently oxidized to FDCA over a Pt/C cata...

The cross-coupling reaction between phenylboronic acid and various types of aryl halides (Suzuki reaction) was carried out using a catalytic amount of a new palladium catalyst (1-benzyl-3-(1-benzyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-yl) pyridin-1-ium palladium chloride [DBNT][PdCl4]) in poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG-200) in the presence of KOH as the base. This new catalyst was synthesized and...

beta-Glucosidase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum (Fbgl) (also known as Chryseobacterium meningosepticum) has been classified as a member of the family 3 glycohydrolases. It is a retaining enzyme involving a two-step, double-displacement mechanism. D247 was shown to function as the nucleophile of the enzymatic reaction [Li, Y.-K., Chir, J., and Chen, F.-Y. (2001) Biochem. J. 355, 835-840]. H...