this qualitative study attempted to determine the approaches of select ‎iranian translator educators for assessing students’ translation quality. so, ‎a purposive sample of twelve experienced, specialist translator educators‎at major universities across iran was invited for interviews. the analysis ‎of the interview data revealed the approaches they advocated and so ‎applied to assessment of st...

Translation is one of the main aspects in understanding and learning second language. In https://www.gala-global.org said: translation communication meaning from language (the source) to another target).It often said as unimportant thing or considered secondary skill. Actually, must be supposed primary skill for They know meanings words sentences a whole. The method research on basis library te...

The translation quality of machine systems depends on the parallel corpus used for training, in particular quantity and corpus. However, building a high-quality large-scale is complex expensive, particularly specific domain Therefore, data augmentation techniques are widely translation. input back-translation method monolingual text, which available from many sources, therefore this can be easi...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The Early Arthritis for Psoriatic patients (EARP) questionnaire is a screening tool for psoriatic arthritis. The original Italian version has good measurement properties but the EARP required translation and adaptation for use in Spain. This article describes the cultural adaptation process as a step prior to validation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used the principles ...

 Background: Excessive lumbar vertebrae translation and rotation in sagittal plane has been attributed as an associated factor of lumbar segmental instability (LSI) and low back pain (LBP). Reduction of these abnormalities improves back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability exercise on the translation and rotation of lumbar vertebrae in sagittal plan...

AIMS To examine the effects of the procedure of translation and the techniques used on the collection and interpretation of original language qualitative data for English presentation. BACKGROUND Nursing and health research increasingly use qualitative research for a broadened perspective on practice and research. In numerous qualitative nursing research papers, data are collected in the orig...