Background: While it is possible to routinely cryopreserve embryos from several mammalian species, the cryopreservation of embryos has largely been limited by their high sensitivity to chilling injury. Many factors such as the stage of embryonic development, cryoprotectant toxicity, the composition of the vitrification solution and cooling and warming rates can influence survival of embryos aft...

background: using cellular phone has rapidly increased all over the world. also, the concern on the possible health hazards of electromagnetic fields (emf) induced from cell phones to reproduction has been growing in many countries. the aim of this study was to assess the consequences and effects of exposure to the cell phone radiation on the quality and survival rates of preimplantation embryo...

introduction: the mouse embryos can successfully be vitrified using ethylene glycol as cryoprotectant, however their development differs significantly from the non-vitrified embryos. the ability of their development can be improved when they co-culture with somatic cells. in the present study, the effects of co-culturing with vero cells on the development of vitrified two cell mouse embryos wer...

One of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the immune system by steroid hormones could be the monocytic-macrophage system. In this study the effect of the male hormone 5a-DHT on cytokine release by peritoneal macrophages (mΦ) of male and female NZB/BALBc mice was investigated. Macrophages from male mice activated with LPS produced a greater amount of IL-1β (21.8%) (p<0.05) and IL-...

introduction: it is now generally accepted that vero cells provide beneficial effects on improving embryo quality in many animal species. the aim of this research was to determine the effect of vero cell co-culture on the development of vitrified 8-cell mouse embryos. material and methods: eight- cell mouse embryos were provided from superovulated female nmri mice and divided into treatment cas...

introduction: this study was initiated to examine the effect of the ampullary and the isthmic primary cell cultures of human oviduct during long-term co-culture on two-cell mouse embryos. materials and methods: using a mechanical procedure, epithelial cells from ampullary (a) and isthmic (i) regions of the human oviduct were isolated and cultured in ham's f-10 with 10% fetal calf serum (fsc). t...

Background Timing of the first zygotic cleavage is an accurate predictor of embryo quality. Embryos that cleaved early (EC) have been shown to exhibit higher developmental viability compared to those that cleaved at a later period (LC). However, the viability of EC embryos in comparison to LC embryos after vitrification is unknown. The present study aims to investigate the post-vitrification de...