This empirical study deals with language contact phenomena in Sistan. Code-copying is viewed as a strategy of linguistic behavior when a dominated language acquires new elements in lexicon, phonology, morphology, syntax, pragmatic organization, etc., which can be interpreted as copies of a dominating language. In this framework Persian is regarded as the model code which provides elements for b...

silence is one of the most important elements in mystical theology, generally, and in negative theology, particularly. silence is the last stage to which the mystic or the mystical theologian reaches in talking of god. in this stage, all the linguistic methods of the mystic disappear. in this paper, firstly, we will discuss the central role of the silence in the rumi’s works. then we will argue...

Linguistic communication relies on pragmatic implicatures such as the inference that if “some students passed the test,” not all did. Yet young children perform poorly on tests of implicature, especially scalar implicatures using “some” and “all,” until quite late in development. We investigate the origins of scalar implicature using tasks in which the scale arises from real-world context rathe...

When designing rule-based models and classifiers, some precision is sacrificed to obtain linguistic interpretability. Understandable models are not expected to outperform black boxes, but usually fuzzy learning algorithms are statistically validated by contrasting them with black-box models. Unless performance of both approaches is equivalent, it is difficult to judge whether the fuzzy one is d...

Modern text linguistics pays serious attention to the significant structural elements of the text, which carry special knowledge. Such structural elements include the title. In this article, the title is considered as a linguistic and cognitive characteristic and a spatially fixed structural element of the text – «frame», which is located around/before/behind the text, focusing on the importanc...

this empirical study deals with language contact phenomena in sistan. code-copying is viewed as a strategy of linguistic behavior when a dominated language acquires new elements in lexicon, phonology, morphology, syntax, pragmatic organization, etc., which can be interpreted as copies of a dominating language. in this framework persian is regarded as the model code which provides elements for b...

politicians adopt a variety of linguistic strategies in their speeches to connect with their audience. to name one, appraisal, as a system of interpersonal meaning, is concerned with evaluation where resources are used for negotiating social relationships. despite their significance in shaping texts, there have hardly been any extensive inventories of appraisal tools contrasting electoral speec...