The field of cognitive psychology has increasingly provided scientific insights to explore how humans are subject to unconscious sources of evidentiary bias, leading to errors that can affect judgement and decision-making. Increasingly these insights are being applied outside the realm of individual decision-making to the collective arena of policy-making as well. A recent editorial in this jou...

Diagnostic errors, constituted by a missed, wrong, or delayed diagnosis detected later by additional tests or findings, are one of the most vexing issues in medicine. They are one of the commonest causes of patient- harm and also medical negligence claims. Although a variety of constructs have been proposed to explain diagnostic errors, the complex interplay of cognitive- and system-factors tha...

Is the solution for medical errors medical or cognitive? In this AMIA2001 panel on medical error, we argued that medical error is primarily an issue for cognitive science and engineering, not for medicine, although the knowledge of the practice of medicine is essential for the research and prevention of medical errors. The three panelists presented studies that demonstrate that cognitive resear...

OBJECTIVE Older driver research has mostly focused on identifying that small proportion of older drivers who are unsafe. Little is known about how normal cognitive changes in aging affect driving in the wider population of adults who drive regularly. We evaluated the association of cognitive function and age with driving errors. METHOD A sample of 266 drivers aged 70 to 88 years were assessed...

INTRODUCTION The impact of a driver's cognitive capability on traffic safety has not been adequately studied. This study examined the relationship between cognitive failures, driving errors and accident data. METHOD Professional drivers from Iran (160 males, ages 18-65) participated in this study. The cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and the driver error questionnaire were administered....

Radar is a useful instrument to get target information in restricted visibility and night navigation. If there are many similar targets in a close area, navigators sometimes make errors in recognizing the radar’s target direction when they find the targets in a seascape using radar information. They sometimes indicate other targets instead of their intended target by mistake. We must prevent th...