Verbs and nouns are fundamental units of language, but their neural instantiation remains poorly understood. Neuropsychological research has shown that nouns and verbs can be damaged independently of each other, and neuroimaging research has found that several brain regions respond differentially to the two word classes. However, the semantic-lexical properties of verbs and nouns that drive the...

This paper adopts an alternative method for the analysis of CAP’s impact on farms’ productivity based a system equations derived from non-nested three-factors CES production function. With this method, we estimate elasticity substitution between labour, capital, and land in EU agricultural sector, magnitude direction technical change, CAP subsidies. The is estimated using GMM estimator farm-lev...

This paper investigates the properties of syntactic edges, with special attention being paid to two central issues in cyclic syntax: the domain and the nature of cyclicity. This paper argues for the premise that predication domains form a Spell-out domain, and that Spell-out results in order preservation of the predication domain. It is shown that elements externally merged at the edge of a pre...

This essay aims, first, at describing the conflict between the theory of predication (classical, Aristotelian) prevailing in philosophy until the end of the 19th century, and the theory arisen with the new logic (modern, Fregean). Three features characterize the preFregean period: 1) conflation of predication and subordination (extensionally: membership and class-inclusion), 2) conflation of id...

Before Frege there was no satisfactory way of explaining both the validity of the inference of (B) from (A) and also that of the inference of (C) from (B). Frege’s solution has several components, but one key element is his ability to decompose (B) in at least two different ways. The unasserted proposition contained in (B) can be seen as obtained by attaching the expression of generality ‘someb...

In the paper a theory of relevant properties is developed. The theory permits us to distinguish between properties that are relevant to an object and the properties that are irrelevant to it. Predication is meaningful only if a property is relevant to an object. On the base of introducing a special negative type of predication as opposed to usual sentential negation, a new notion of generalizat...

The Aristotelian double characterization of a primary substance exploits the difference between the part-whole relation and the non-linguistic relation of predication. A problem arises whether and how the second relation could be reduced to something else. Such a reduction is explicitly declared or at least implicitly assumed in all version of conceptualism and nominalism. The moderate realism ...

Context is a determining factor in language, and plays a decisive role in polysemic words. Several psycholinguistically-motivated algorithms have been proposed to emulate human management of context, under the assumption that the value of a word is evanescent and takes on meaning only in interaction with other structures. The predication algorithm (Kintsch, 2001), for example, uses a vector rep...