Peritonitis is a serious complication in peritoneal dialysis, usually secondary to an infectious cause. Chemical peritonitis rarer. No case exclusively attributed vancomycin has been reported the last 20 years. Data from 4 consecutive patients diagnosed with culture -negative following administration of intraperitoneal between May and June 2019 were retrospectively recorded. All treated 2 grams...

BACKGROUND Low calcium dialysate with 1.25 mmol/l calcium concentration has been proposed to replace standard calcium dialysate in peritoneal dialysis patients taking calcium-containing phosphate binder to prevent hypercalcaemia. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate long term effects on mineral and bone metabolism by low versus standard calcium dialysate in peritoneal dialysis. METHOD Cli...

Cooled dialysate incites peripheral vasoconstriction and thus counter Intradialytic Hypotension (IDH). Currently, up to 70 percent of IDH patients rely on cooled ameliorate symptoms ranging from anxiety, restlessness, dizziness, muscle cramps, vomiting, nausea abdominal discomfort. Presently, there is a plethora research highlighting the effectiveness in ameliorating IDH. However, many these st...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The optimal dialysate calcium concentration to maintain normal mineralization and reduce risk of cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients is debated. Guidelines suggest that dialysate Ca concentration should be lowered to avoid vascular calcification, but cardiac arrhythmias may be more likely to occur at lower dialysate Ca. Concurrent use of QT-prolonging medica...

BACKGROUND On-line monitoring of chemical/physical signals during haemodialysis (HD) and bio-feedback represents the first step towards a 'physiological' HD system incorporating adaptive and logic controls in order to achieve pre-set treatment targets. METHODS Discussions took place to achieve a consensus on key points relating to on-line monitoring and bio-feedback, focusing on the clinical ...

BACKGROUND Cool dialysate is often recommended for prevention of intra-dialytic hypotensive episodes in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, its effect on toxin removal is not studied. It is known that inter-compartmental resistance is the main barrier for toxin removal. Cool dialysate can potentially increase this resistance by vasoconstriction and thus impair the toxin removal. Th...

BACKGROUND Individuals with end-stage kidney disease appear to have stable pre-dialysis serum sodium concentrations over time, with lower values associating with increased mortality. Dialysate sodium concentrations have increased over many years in response to shorter treatments, but the relationship between serum sodium, dialysate sodium and outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients has not ye...

The effectiveness of the haemodialysis (HD) treatment directly affects survival and quality life dialysis patients. In this regard, composition dialysate, including water, is very important. Normalizing plasma electrolyte mineral concentrations before to while reducing significant changes in patient's intradialytic one HD's main goals. For purpose avoiding intra- interdialytic hypotension as we...

BACKGROUND Diffusive clearance depends on blood and dialysate flow rates and the overall mass transfer area coefficient (K(o)A) of the dialyzer. Although K(o)A should be constant for a given dialyzer, urea K(o)A has been reported to vary with dialysate flow rate possibly because of improvements in flow distribution. This study examined the dependence of K(o)A for urea, phosphate and β(2)-microg...