This paper is concerned with the English Court of Appeal's decision in Yearworth v North Bristol NHS Trust that six men had, for the purposes of their claims against the trust, ownership of the sperm they had produced. The case has been discussed by many commentators and most, if not all, of those who have discussed the case have claimed or assumed that the court held that the claimants had pro...

Income tax is one of the most important costs of companies and it is usually considered as a cost that should not be paid. One of the most noticeable and influential factors in tax avoidance is corporate ownership structure. With an emphasis on institutional ownership and its types in this paper, it is attempted to measure the effect of this ownership and its types on corporate tax avoidance. F...

The value of the company is very useful for external and internal parties because it a reflection company's condition public trust. This study aims to analyze effect capital structure, foreign ownership, dividend policy on firm by involving four control variables, namely growth, size, DAR ROE. research was conducted real estate property sector companies listed Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2...

In the past few years many offices maintained their documents in printed form, as this the volume of printed documents were increased they suffered from a problems like space to keep them and searching of particular document. Due to this reason and due to advances in information technology made the offices to keep their documents in image form, but even though they faced a problem of retrieving...

Using the large-scale index-linked exchange-traded fund (ETF) purchase program of Bank Japan (BOJ), we examine role unconventional equity-based monetary policies in market liquidity underlying securities. a large sample Japanese stocks, document significant increase stock illiquidity when firm's ownership by BOJ increases. Intensified ETF arbitrage activities partially mediate such effect. The ...

We explore the significance of employee compensation and alternative (reservation) income on investment timing, endogenous default, yield spreads and capital structure. In a real-options setting, a manager’s incentive to under(over)invest in a project is associated to labor income he has to forego in order to work on the project, the manager’s salary, his stake on the project’s equity capital a...

Family ownership and control play an important role in large firms in Asia. There is a puzzle regarding the relationship between concentrated family ownership and control on the one hand and firm performance on the other hand. Three positions suggest that such concentration may be good, bad, or irrelevant for firm performance. This article reports two studies to shed further light on this puzzl...

the aim of this paper is to identify and analyses the influence of shareholder ownership identity on payout ratio for a panel of iran firms from 2002 to 2008. we found that there is a significant positive correlation between institutional ownership and payout ratio. the relation between payout ratio and individual ownership is negative. the most finding of the study indicates that iranian compa...

Future demands for increased food production are expected to have severe impacts on prairie biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Prairie avifauna of North America have experienced drastic population declines, prompting numerous conservation efforts, which have been informed primarily by small-scale studies. We applied a large-scale perspective that integrates scale dependency in avian response...