introduction: this study compared apical dye penetration using lateral condensation technique (lc) and lc technique with a reciprocal handpiece (mechanical lateral condensation or mlc) as a new method. materials and methods: forty-eight human extracted straight canine teeth were used. after crown amputation, the teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 10 teeth each and two ...

Argumentative ability can be seen from the argumentation pattern that appears. This needs to evaluated look over quality of make right problem-solving. evaluation done by recognizing components up argument. study goals describe students' abilities in solving statistical problem based on Adversity Quotients (AQ). qualitative descriptive research elaborated 39 students taking a methods course. Su...

The snake-in-the-box problem is a difficult problem in mathematics and computer science that was first described by Kautz in the late 1950’s (Kautz 1958). Snake-in-the-box codes have many applications in electrical engineering, coding theory, and computer network topologies. Generally, the longer the snake for a given dimension, the more useful it is in these applications (Klee 1970). By applyi...

Applied to certain problems, neuroevolution frequently gets stuck in local optima with very low fitness; in particular, this is true for some reinforcement learning problems where the input to the controller is a high-dimensional and/or ill-chosen state description. Evidently, some controller inputs are “poisonous”, and their inclusion induce such local optima. Previously, we proposed the memet...

It is often necessary to extract simple and understandable rules from databases containing inconsistent records and/or irrelevant elds. In this study we have assessed the feasibility of using a genetic programming (GP) approach to extract a single rule to describe such data. Instead of a tree structure we use a Reverse Polish (postx) representation. To assess the performance of the GP algorithm...