Location-Routing Problem (LRP) emerges as one of the hybrid optimization problems in distribution networks in which, total cost of the system would be reduced significantly by simultaneous optimization of locating a set of facilities among candidate locations and routing vehicles. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming model is presented for a two-echelon location-routing problem wit...

In this paper, we address the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP) in which freight is delivered from depots to intermediary satellites, from where it is delivered to customers. Different from other multi-level problems, the focus in 2E-VRP is on the global routing costs of the overall network. 2E-VRP has been recently introduced and, to our knowledge, there are no studies of the impact...

Multi-Echelon Distribution Systems are broadly used in practice and have been much studied in the literature. Most of these studies address issues related to the movement of flows throughout the system from their origins to their final destinations. A recent trend is to also focus on the management of the vehicle fleets required to provide transportation among the different echelons of the syst...

In this paper we address the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP), an extension of the classical Capacitated VRP, where the delivery from a single depot to the customers is managed by routing and consolidating the freight through intermediate depots called satellites. We present a family of Multi-Start heuristics based on separating the depot-to-satellite transfer and the satellite-to-c...

in this article, multiple-product pvrp with pickup and delivery that is used widely in goods distribution or other service companies, especially by railways, was introduced. a mathematical formulation was provided for this problem. each product had a set of vehicles which could carry the product and pickup and delivery could simultaneously occur. to solve the problem, two meta-heuristic methods...

Stochastic Approach to Vehicle Routing Problem: Development and Theories Abstract In this article, a chance constrained (CCP) formulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is proposed. The reality is that once we convert some special form of probabilistic constraint into their equivalent deterministic form then a nonlinear constraint generates. Knowing that reliable computer software...

Increasing environmental concerns and legal regulations have led to the development of sustainable technologies systems in logistics, as many fields. The adoption multi-echelon distribution networks use environmentally friendly vehicles freight become major concepts for reducing negative impact urban transportation activities. In this line, present paper proposes a two-echelon electric vehicle ...

This article addresses a general tri-objective two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem (2E-CVRP) to minimize the total travel cost, customers waiting times and carbon dioxide emissions simultaneously in distributing perishable products. In distributing perishable products, customers’ satisfaction is very important and is inversely proportional to the customers waiting times. The propose...

Manufacturers, who re-supply a large number of customers, continually struggle with the question of how to formulate a replenishment strategy. The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal set of routes for a group of vehicles in the transportation network under defined constraints – which is known as the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) – delivering new items, and resolving the invent...