The past inflexibility of international banks in granting concessions (like elimination of surcharges, partial debt cancellations, lower interest rates, etc.) is linked by Ortiz to case-by-case strategy adopted in debt renegotiations. Within this context, the fear of setting precedents is seen as a major explanation in the banks' negotiating stance. To renew political commitment to the improvem...

Education and training for productive employment is vital for economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is viewed as a tool for productivity enhancement and poverty reduction in the region. As there is a strong correlation between the proportion of TVET students at the post-secondary level (tertiary, non-degree, ISCED 5b) and...

the world is considering the great change in sphere of globalization process in 21st century in which individuals living on earth are regarded as members of a mutual political entity. economic globalization is the most significant and conspicuous model of globalization. one of the most important issues in economic globalization process is the function of states in economic policymaking. the pre...

West Africa is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This paper analyzed the impacts of climate change on economic growth in Anglophone West Africa with similar background, during the periods 1969-2016. Five growth model equations have been developed to incorporate climate change variables into the model. Panel data estimations such as the fixed effect model, random effect model and Haus...

agriculture is one of the main sectors affected by climate change. although recently some studies about the nature and size climate change effect on the physical variables of water resources and agriculture have been done, however economic perspectives and the role of adaptation strategies have been less studied empirically. the contribution of this study is modeling real economic behavior of s...