This article draws on a study of differential treatment of young people in the youth justice system to present a typology of styles of policing that contrasts procedural justice with adversarial policing. It considers the factors that can trap police in adversarial styles of policing and offers suggestions about how best to move towards policing grounded on principles of procedural justice. It ...

This article examines contemporary developments in criminal justice responses to drug related crime. Drawing on evaluations of initiatives which have been introduced in Scotland along with published statistical data, it considers the expansion of drug treatment through the criminal justice system and the implications this has for increasing access to services. Importantly, it considers the pote...

Human transmission to offspring and future generations of acquired epigenetic modifications has not been definitively established, although there are several environmental exposures with suggestive evidence. This article uses three examples of hazardous substances with greater exposures in vulnerable populations: pesticides, lead, and diesel exhaust. It then considers whether, if there were sci...

although gender justice, is considered a foreign subject in social & legal institutions and it is often taken into consideration theoretically, operationally due to the amalgamation of cultures and its unrefined foundation it has been faced with challenges, so that it requires explanation in terms of attitudes and approaches based on local & islamic culture. in monotheistic creed, unity parity ...

Organizational climate and organization culture can be some of the leading factors in hindering knowledge sharing within the organization. It is generally accepted that successful knowledge management practice, including knowledge sharing, comes as a result of a conducive and knowledge sharing friendly environment. Organizations that promote and reward collective work generate a trustful and a ...

This article discusses the relationship between religion and falsafa in worldview of Abu Nasr al-Farabi, a prominent representative Arab-Muslim culture Middle Ages, founder Falsafa.The fundamental searches thinker were also outlined, which led to approximation Islam nature based on Muslim worldview, works philosophers antiquity Plato, Aristotle about creation world. The question thinker's visio...

following the failure of economic development and growth policies and dissatisfactions resulting from applying these policies, related discussions to life satisfaction was proposed among various experts. in their opinion, different factors can be effectual on life satisfaction. one of the most important factors is social welfare. this study is a social survey and it has used questionnaire for c...