Studies have shown stormwater runoff is a contributor to elevated indicator bacteria concentrations in surface waters. These elevated concentrations may indicate a heightened human health risk and lead to water quality violations as concentrations exceed regulatory standards. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) are commonly established for indicator bacteria, requiring modeling and watershed plan...

Introduction: Microbial contamination prediction through detecting the indicator bacteria in natural waters is the first health and environmental step for preventing the transmission of water-associated diseases. This study was designed to determine the correlation between Escherichia coli as the indicator bacterium, on the one hand, and Salmonella and Shigella Spp. As the pathogenic bacteria, ...

BACKGROUND Contamination from fecal bacteria in recreational waters is a major health concern since bacteria capable of causing human disease can be found in animal feces. The Dog Beach area of Ocean Beach in San Diego, California is a beach prone to closures due to high levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). A potential source of these FIB could be the canine feces left behind by owners who...

Once released, manure-borne bacteria can enter runoff via interaction with the thin mixing layer near the soil surface. The objectives of this work were to document temporal changes in profile distributions of manure-borne Escherichia coli and enterococci in the near-surface soil layers after simulated rainfalls and to examine differences in survival of the two fecal indicator bacteria. Rainfal...

Twenty-four freshwater sampling sites (11 river water, 6 spring water, and 7 groundwater) were selected from 4 sampling areas located in the northern and central parts of Taiwan. A total of 125 water samples were collected during a 5-month sampling period, and the numbers of total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, enterococci, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Salmonella spp. we...

Molecular methods are useful both to monitor natural communities of bacteria, and to track specific bacterial markers in complex environments. Length-heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 16S rDNAs discriminate among 16S rRNA genes based on length polymorphisms of their PCR products. With these methods, we developed an...

Total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and fecal streptococcal (FS) numbers were monitored for 3 years to determine the effect of grazing on the presence of these organisms in runoff from a cattlegrazed and a nongrazed watershed in the Pacific Northwest. The watersheds were characterized by winter precipitation and summer grazing. Weighted-average numbers of TC and FS in runoff did not appea...