ethan kohlberg, the jewish orientalist and specialist on shi‘a, sees the distortion in holy scriptures, including quran, inevitable. from his point of view, some quranic verses confirm this point. his second proof is the history of the quran and the time when its whole text was written down. in his viewpoint,   hadiths which prove that the quran had been written down in abu bakr’s time ore orie...

although critics and novelists have not paid enough attention to the second person point of view, it has a lot of potentials for picturing the deepest parts of human mind. most important types of this model are: 1. narratives in which the narrator, the protagonist and the addressee are the same; 2. narratives in which the narrator is separate from the protagonist/addressee. reviewing the comple...

this article aim to investigate image concept from the traditional rethoric point of view and shows how traditional rethoric stopped because of negligible understanding of image notion and focus on shape, without seriously dealing with contents. although in this respect, molla abdolghaher jorjani is superior to others and has vast attempts, but after him there was no suitable evolution in retho...

archetype is a jung's term for the contents of the collective unconscious; the instinctive thoughts which organize human's experiences according to predetermined innate patterns.  these ancient images appearance in various forms over time including myths and stories, as jung describes myths and fairy tales as the reflection of archetypes. the obvious examples of these archetypes in pe...

human as the superior of the creature was more important for pre-socrates, but by emerging socrates this remark become pale because he pointed to be average of human's powers. after many decades, some grand-phipspher such as kierkegaard, nietzsche, martin heidegger and jean-paul sartre entered and they have taken attention to human and established existentialism.this academy spoke about hu...