Small villages in northern Sweden have seen a continuing removal of key services, such as schools, shops and public transport, since the 1970s. Disinvestment services has not been strategically planned but happened response to population loss increased costs on case-by-case basis. More recently, there shift policy thinking what might be termed ‘de-growth’ approach where digitalisation personal ...

We calculated the median values of the following parameters for 87 groups of galaxies with three to eight components: the mean rms velocity of the galaxies in the group, Sv = 166 km/s; the harmonic mean radius, Rh = 29 kpc; and the mass-to-light ratio, Mvir/L = 33M⊙/L⊙. The Mvir/L ratio depends on the population of the system, while Sv does not depend on Rh. To ascertain the relationship betwee...

* There are many definitions of rural, even within the federal government.17 This In Brief uses the word rural in a general sense to refer to areas of the United States that are sparsely populated. communities and presents ways telehealth can help surmount some of these barriers. Challenges to implementing effective telehealth services in sparsely populated areas are also discussed. This inform...

* There are many definitions of rural, even within the federal government.17 This In Brief uses the word rural in a general sense to refer to areas of the United States that are sparsely populated. communities and presents ways telehealth can help surmount some of these barriers. Challenges to implementing effective telehealth services in sparsely populated areas are also discussed. This inform...

In rural areas, services to support daily life are generally short and a large disparity exists from place to place. This study proposes an index to measure the level of emergency medical service, a minimum service to support daily life, at given locations. The required characteristics of the level of service index are firstly discussed, and then an accessibility type index is proposed with hol...

Healthcare delivery in the northern periphery of Europe is challenged by dispersed populations, geographical complexities (including mountainous terrain and inhabited islands), ageing populations, and rising patient expectations. It is challenged further by variations in transport networks and information communication technology infrastructure. This article provides an overview of e-health dev...

This paper explores the interaction and interdependence between family firms sparsely populated regions. Interactivity underlines dynamics of setting how it changes based on activities firm context, whereas refers to region become mutually reliant one another. Five case studies show that while act under similar conditions in terms disparity, their interplay with dependence differ. The study poi...