this article considers the many developments in technology and practice that are making libraries more connected and interdependent. it looks at new integrated online services and reviews the increasing importance of both formal and informal standards. global centralized web services are discussed. the relationships between information industry companies and libraries are considered. virtual re...

Abstract Focusing on the Italian population of academic entrepreneurs, we analyze effect establishing a spinoff firm researchers' attitudes towards carrying out other activities in collaboration with firms, namely, co-publishing and co-patenting. We investigate heterogeneity this terms existing collaborations firms pre-spinoff period. Using counterfactual analysis subgroups, verify that entrepr...

NASA’s Expansive Reach Each year, NASA produces Spin­ off, a report outlining its con­ tributions to the US (see www. sti.nasa.gov/tto). Many derivative technologies in medicine and per­ sonal comfort have emerged from NASA missions, positively affect­ ing our lives. However, beneficial technologies have also emerged in computing and information processing over the more than 60 years since the ...

This study examines the impact of public subsidies, and specifically, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards on university spinoff companies. Using unique data for a population University California spinoffs, we find pronounced differences between companies commercializing digital technologies (software hardware), those that focus other product spaces. For receiving an SBIR award has ...