Therapeutics based on messenger RNA (mRNA) have become a promising class of methods for various diseases’ treatments in recent years. The safe and effective delivery mRNA into target cells is the premise clinical translation mRNA. Due to protonation ionizable lipids acidic conditions, lipid nanoparticles (iLNPs) lower toxicity higher endosomal escape efficiency than permanent cationic (cLNPs). ...

Electroosmotic pumps have been prepared using macroporous polymer monoliths with their pore surface grafted with the ionizable monomers 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride, respectively. The effects of critical parameters such as pore size of the monolith, percentage of ionizable moieties in the grafted layer, crosslinking densi...

Structure and function of macromolecules depend critically on the ionization states of their acidic and basic groups. Most current structure-based theoretical methods that predict pK of ionizable groups in macromolecules include, as one of the key steps, a computation of the partition sum (Boltzmann average) over all possible protonation microstates. As the number of these microstates depends e...

The paper presents a novel on-line transient moving chemical reaction boundary method (tMCRBM) for simply but efficiently stacking ionizable analytes in high-salt matrix in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The powerful function and stability of the tMCRBM are elucidated with the ionizable test analytes of L-phenylalanine (Phe) and L-tryptophan (Trp) in the matrix with 85.6-165.6 mM sodium ...

The extent of ionization of a drug molecule at different pH values can be characterized by its pKa (acid dissociation constants). It is an important parameter in pharmaceutical development to rationalize the physiochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug molecule. UV titration for pKa determination is one of the popular methods. The success of this method requires the molecule exhi...

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