This paper offers a critical interpretation of the EU’s recent Maritime Security Strategy (MSS) of 2014, making distinctions between hard and soft conceptions of maritime security. The theoretical approach employed invokes the ‘EU as neo-medieval empire’ (Bull 1977: 254-255; Rennger 2006; Zielonka 2006). By this account, the main objectives of EU maritime strategy are stability and encouragemen...

according to common law rules of england, obligation by one party is enforceable when the other has provided a consideration or the contract has been put in a deed. in some common law jurisdictions, such as australia, canada and the united states, another doctrine, named reasonable reliance, has developed, which could act as surrogate for the doctrine of consideration. english courts, however, ...

For those who know about group cohomology will know that if a group acts freely on sphere, then it has periodic cohomology. Now the group Zp×Zp does not have periodic cohomology, (just use the Künneth formula again) therefore it cannot act freely on any sphere. For those who do not know about group cohomology a finite group having periodic cohomology is equivalent to all the abelian subgroups b...

Richard Stone wrote a report regarding selling theses and research articles in Iran. There are noteworthy points in this report which truly disturb the Iranian scientific community, but the present report is not the whole truth about the Iranian scientific community. Iran's scientific infrastructure was destroyed in the eight-year imposed war by Saddam Hossein in a way that production of Irania...

The Strait of Hormuz has great significance for the world economy as an oil chokepoint. Yet in recent years, international navigation through been repeatedly hampered and subject to discriminatory navigational restrictions attacks. Such measures have mostly aimed at tankers. This article examines maritime incidents that occurred 2019: mine attacks against tankers arrest tanker by Iranian armed ...