in this study we tried to examine the role of participatory institutions in the local development by measuring the effect of social capital on the promotion of performance. our research sample was dehong's (a village in south of iran) islamic council. on the other hand it tries to evaluate effect of social capital on local development. the result of the study showed that some of social capital ...

BACKGROUND This study applies the POETICs framework (population, organization, environment, technology, institutions and culture) to an analysis of industrial carbon dioxide emissions in Japanese cities. The inclusion of institutional variables in the form of International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives membership, ISO 14001 implementation, and non-profit sector activity addresses ...

Centralized wage-setting institutions are considered to be more effective at reducing wage inequality. In this paper, I offer an expansive cross-national analysis of the effects of recent liberalization in wage-setting institutions on wage inequality in the OECD, taking into special consideration the effects of EU and EMU membership. A qualitative comparison of liberalization occurring within E...

The present paper examines alternative conceptions of what it means for individuals to be considered legitimate members in a global order. First, I will adopt a convergence view that takes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a de facto cosmopolitan reference for a wide plurality of conceptions. Within this framework, I will contrast two main cosmopolitan conceptions, each of them pivot...

let $r$ be a commutative noetherian ring with non-zero identity and $fa$ an ideal of $r$. let $m$ be a finite $r$--module of finite projective dimension and $n$ an arbitrary finite $r$--module. we characterize the membership of the generalized local cohomology modules $lc^{i}_{fa}(m,n)$ in certain serre subcategories of the category of modules from upper bounds. we define and study the properti...

Classic machine learning algorithms learn from labelled examples. For example, to design a machine translation system, a typical training set will consist of English sentences and their translation to French. There is a stronger model, in which the algorithm can also query for labels of new examples it creates. E.g, in the translation task, the algorithm can create a new English sentence, and r...