Recently, the feasibility of butane oxidation in an electrochemical membrane reactor (EMR) using a vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst layer on a tubular anodic electrode has been reported. This novel application of EMR gives rise to questions about the vanadium oxidation state (Vox) under working conditions and about its spatial distribution in the catalyst layer. It has now been determin...

Solar-to-fuel energy conversion relies on the invention of efficient catalysts enabling water oxidation through low-energy pathways. Our aerobic life is based on this strategy, mastered by the natural Photosystem II enzyme, using a tetranuclear Mn-oxo complex as oxygen evolving center. Within artificial devices, water can be oxidized efficiently on tailored metal-oxide surfaces such as RuO2. Th...

Kanemite was readily prepared and used as solid base catalyst for transesterification of sunflower oil to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. Central Composite Design (CCD) coupled with Response Surfac...

The role of the crystal morphology and dissolution kinetics of Grubbs’ catalyst on self-healing capability is examined. Self-healing polymers require complete coverage of the crack plane with polymerized healing agent for optimal recovery of mechanical integrity. Lack of catalyst leads to incomplete coverage, partial polymerization, and poor mechanical recovery. Catalyst availability is determi...

We develop a method to obtain an optimal solution for a constrained distribution system with several items and multi-retailers. The objective is to determine the procurement frequency as well as the joint shipment interval for each retailer in order to minimize the total costs. The proposed method is applicable to both nested and non-nested policies and ends up with an optimal solution. To solv...

Theorem 4.3 Let the initialization u0 be sufficiently close to the solution ū of P. Then the iterates uk of Algorithm 1 converge superlinearly to ū in L2(Ω). Moreover, the corresponding states yk converge superlinearly to ȳ in H1 0 (Ω). Proof To apply Theorem 4.1, it remains to show that the generalized derivative (4.7) is invertible and that the norms of the inverse linear mappings are bounded...

The supported palladium nanoparticles catalyst with uniform-sized Pd particles distribution and without nitrogen or chlorine atoms present in catalyst was prepared by calcination of the supported [Pd(lysine·HCl)(Cl)2] complex as precursor and characterized by TEM. Moreover the supported [Pd(lysine·HCl)(Cl)2] complex was from cation exchanging [Pd(lysine·HCl)(Cl)2] complex with inorganic support...

Using wet impregnation method, a novel ternary system of silica supported Fe-Co-Ce catalyst was prepared. Preparation conditions such as impregnation time and temperature, drying time and temperature, were optimized by the L9 Taguchi experimental design to achieve a light olefin selective catalyst with maximum CO conversion in a fixed bed micro-reactor. It was found that the best conditions to ...

A new zeolite catalyst, Al-RUB-41, was synthesized for the first time. It was tested as a catalyst in methanol amination, and showed a shape-selective performance that results in a highly favorable product distribution. The shape-selective nature was also evidenced by using Pt-Al-RUB-41 as a bifunctional catalyst for decane hydroconversion. With its unique pore architecture and remarkable shape...