In the use of peer group data to assess individual, typical or best practice performance, the effective detection of outliers is critical for achieving useful results. In these ‘‘deterministic’’ frontier models, statistical theory is now mostly available. This paper deals with the statistical pared sample method and its capability of detecting outliers in data envelopment analysis. In the prese...

The objective of this study was to compare transverse dimensions of the dental arches and alveolar arches in the canine, premolar and molar regions of Class I and Class II div 1 malocclusion groups. This cross sectional study was performed at Lahore medical and dental college, from January 2011 to November 2011, using measurements on dental casts of 30 Class I and Class II div 1 adult female su...

Background: To find out the influence of intermittent compression therapy using sphygmomanometer on pressure changes and walking ability on individuals affected with peripheral arterial diseases of lower limbs. Methods: Total thirty patients’ age 30 to 70 years post peripheral arterial diseases individuals included for study. These patients were randomly allocated to intervention group (n=15), ...

Purpose: Dental shade guides are commonly used for color determination and should be disinfected and sterilized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color change of Vita 3D Master shade tabs after disinfection and sterilization. Material and methods: Overall, 98 samples (shade tabs) were randomly selected from 14 new, unused Vita 3D sets, including the following shades: 2M1, 3L1.5, 3M...

Non-parametric paired analyses are approached through the same logic as the parametric paired t-tests: a 2 sample paired analysis can be reduced to a 1 sample test by creating a single distribution of the differences between each pair. If the distribution of the differences are nonnormal, and cannot be normalized by transforming the data to some other ratio scale, a 1 sample non-parametric test...

We are now in a new era. The recent completion of the entire sequence of the human genome and high-throughput gene expression technologies has transformed the era of molecular biology to the era of genomics. Already, such technologies are showing great promise in disease classification and gene targets. However, like any new exciting technology, great promise and anticipation can lead to wasted...

Education and cognitive activity have been suggested to protect against cognitive decline in old age. However, little is known about the long-term effects of extremely high levels of education and intellectual activity across the lifespan. The present study investigated the extent to which these two variables may moderate the age-related differences in cognitive performance in old adults. There...