This research was conducted to investigate spatial variability and estimate tree attributes in a plantation forest in the Caspian region of Iran using geostatistical analysis. Sampling was performed based on a 50m?125m systematic grid in a maple stand (Acer velutinum Boiss) 18 years of age using circular samples of 200m2 area. Totally, 96 sample plots were measured in 63 hectares and 14.25 he...

however, it is not always clear what ‘near’ means in this context. The simplest definition, if the data being analysed consists of spatial point data, is to work with Euclidean (or straight line) distances however this is not always a reliable indicator of proximity. A number of alternative measures of proximity are possible for example travel times or travel distances based on routes on roads ...

A fast and accurate measurement of soil carbon is needed in current scientific issues. Today there are many sensors suitable for these purposes, but choosing the appropriate sensor depends on the spatial scale at which the studies are conducted. There are few detailed studies that validate these types of measures allowing their immediate use. Here it is validated the quick use of a sensor in ex...

Questions: We asked several linked questions about phenology and precipitation relationships at local, landscape, and regional spatial scales within individual seasons, between seasons, and between year temporal scales. (1) How do winter and summer phenological patterns vary in response to total seasonal rainfall? (2) How are phenological rates affected by the previous season rainfall? (3) How ...

drought monitoring, which is a crucial component of drought management, aims to provide information that enables and supports people and organizations to take actions to reduce potential drought-related impact and damage. we usually tend to focus on drought when it is occurring and to react when crises strike. however, recent experiences and developments on drought knowledge are encouraging soc...