introduction: in this study we compared transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) elicited motor evoked potentials (meps) in a postural (bilateral low back extension: blbe) and a respiratory (forced expiration during breath holding: febh) task.methods: using tms of the left motor cortex, simultaneous patterns of corticospinal facilitation of the contralateral erector spinae (es) and rectus abdomi...

Objective: Numerous studies demonstrated the effect of grape on memory improvement. According to Iranian traditional medicine, “mavizˮ as a specific type of dried grapes can effectively improve memory. However, there is no reported clinical trial on the effect of “mavizˮ on memory improvement in humans. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate “mavizˮ effect on memory in ...

the aim of this research was to determine the effect of contextual interference derived from self-regulation practice with regard to type of task on acquisition and retention of tracking tasks with an emphasis on meta-cognition hypotheses (cognition and meta-cognition phenomena). for this purpose, 24 right handed male and female students of yazd university (mean age: 22± 1.7) were selected via ...

Designing appropriate materials and activities to enhance vocabulary learning is one of the primary goals of language courses. Among the claims about efficient pedagogical tasks is the Involvement Load Hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001) according to which vocabulary development is contingent on the amount of cognitive process a task involves. Building on the previous research on this hypothes...

The completion mode (individual, collaborative) of the tasks and the conditions under which these modes are performed have been reported to play an important role in language learning. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of employing text editing tasks performed both individually and collaboratively, on the achievement of English grammar under explicit and implicit learning condi...