In this paper I present and update some of the major points Russell Schuh and I made in our 1974 Linguistic Inquiry paper concerning universals of tone rules. Emphasis is on the distinction we made between synchronic and diachronic naturalness. Any diachronic change can be a synchronic rule while the reserve is not the case. We suggest(ed) that it is profitable to talk about natural synchronic ...

A model of natural terrain is proposed, which describes topography as the summation of scale-dependent periodic spatial structure, and scale-independent fractional noise. These two elements can be varied, and appear related to each other by the sampling theorem and the scale at which the model is applied. The scale-dependent component of the model can be calibrated for any given landscape using...

We develop a method for spatio-spectral localization of harmonic data on a sphere and use it to interpret recent high-resolution global estimates of the gravity and topography of Venus in the context of geodynamical models. Our approach applies equally to the simple spatial windowing of harmonic data and to variable-length-scale analyses, which are analogous to a wavelet transform in the Cartes...

The Cauvery basin of Karnataka State encompasses a range of land cover types, from dense forest areas and plantations in the Western Ghats hills, to fertile agricultural lands in the river valley. Recent demographic changes, rapid economic development and urbanization have led to the conversion of vast stretches of forested land into plantations and permanent agriculture. We examine the human d...

The aim in this study was to investigate the emergence of immediate imitation, deferred imitation and synchronic imitation in human infants through the second year. A longitudinal study was conducted of eighty-six infants at three monthly intervals from 12through to 24-months-of-age. At each session the infants were assessed for immediate, deferred and synchronic imitation. Immediate and deferr...