abstract translation has become a cultural act which plays a significant role in human life. with the emergence of functional translation theories, and skopos theory in particular, translation has been considered as a purposeful, interpersonal and intercultural activity which is produced for particular recipients and directed by a specific purpose. this purpose determines the translatio...

Bureaucracy is considered as one of the world’s today processes and modern world. Following the expansion of the thought of rationalism under the Renaissance in the West along with the growing increase in the world's population, the concept of instrumental rationality and, consequently, bureaucracy has been expanded. In this regard, the influence of functionalism theory is significant as one of...