Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract (SURT) includes nasopharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal disease. Documented SURT occurs in approximately 5% of patients, although upper airway symptoms are more common in patients with sarcoidosis. Wegener granulomatosis may have a similar appearance to SURT, but there are important differences in the manifestations of the disease locally as well as sys...

Acquired stenosis of the trachea or bronchus in newborn infants is a possible complication of perinatal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Although the exact pathophysiology is unknown, stenosis formation seems to be initiated by pressure necrosis. Prematurity is thought to be an important risk factor for acquired airway stenosis. Management of stenotic lesions may be conservative, surgical...

most highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv) emerge after field passage of non-pathogenic aivs in birds. the outbreak of low-pathogenic h7n1 avian influenza virus in italy during 1999-2000 followed by outbreak of highly pathogenic h7n1 avian influenza virus is one example in this regard. this experiment has been designed to investigate the effect of pre-infection of birds with lpai on s...

Complications associated with mechanical ventilation have been extensively described in the literature in the last 3 decades.1 From ventilator-induced lung injury to ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction more recently defined, numerous side effects directly or indirectly related to mechanical ventilation have been identified. As a consequence, so-called lung-protective ventilation could ...

background: hemodynamic instability is common during tracheal intubation. the primary purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of different doses of remifentanil added to propofol on the hemodynamic profiles during tracheal intubation. methods: ninety patients, 40 to 70 years old, undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into...

a-56-year-old woman underwent carpal tunnel release surgery under general anesthesia. thirty minutes after extubation, the patient complained of chest discomfort with dyspnea. swelling of the neck and upper anterior chest was observed. computed tomography of the chest showed tracheal rupture at the brachiocephalic trunk level, and bronchoscopy demonstrated a 5 cm linear tracheal defect in the p...

background: muscle relaxant agents usually use to facilitate tracheal intubation; however, sometimes limitations exist. magnesium (mg) sulfate is a candidate for muscle relaxant substitute. this study was designed to determine the effect of mg sulfate accompanied with propofol and fentanyl in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. materials and methods: in a double?blind randomized protocol an...

Background: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is increasingly popular within intensive care units for patients who need prolonged ventilatory support. Significant complications are rare. Case presentation: Our patient suffered tracheal ring fracture and early tracheomalacia following this procedure. These complications are demonstrated in our accompanying video. Conclusion: Contrary ...