Cytokinins may reflect soil water status and regulate rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain filling. This study investigated the changes in cytokinin levels in rice plants and their relations with grain filling under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Two 'super' rice cultivars were field grown. Three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (WMD), alternate wetting and sever...

Tree frogs are able to take advantage of an array of epithelial cells in their toe pads to modulate their adhesion to surfaces under dry, wet, and flooded environments. It has been hypothesized that the interconnected channels separating the epithelial cells could reduce the hydrodynamic repulsion to facilitate contact under a completely submerged environment (flooded conditions). Using a custo...

The Florida (USA) Everglades ecosystem has been impacted due to increased loading of nutrients, in particular phosphorus (P), primarily from adjacent agricultural areas. Consequently, restoration measures involve the establishment of stormwater treatment areas (STAs) comprising a series of constructed wetlands. A series of mesocosms were established at the inflow of the Everglades Nutrient Remo...

The behavior of As in paddy fields is of great interest considering high As contents of groundwater in several Asian countries where rice is the main staple. We determined the concentrations of Fe, Mn, and As in soil, soil water, and groundwater samples collected at different depths down to 2 m in an experimental paddy field in Japan during the cycle of flooded and non-flooded periods. In addit...

Two-phase flow regimes are affected by conduit position, alignment, geometry, flow direction, physical characteristics, and flow rate of each phase as well as the heat flux toward the boundaries. Due to the importance of two-phase flow, numerous regimes have been identified. The first step in studying micro-bubble formation inside a venturi tube is to recognize the type of flow regimes. In this...

In an 8-week greenhouse experiment, Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) and Leersia oryzoides (rice cutgrass) were compared for nutrient assimilation as well as soil and water chemistry under variable flooding regimes using a nutrient solution rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Soil redox potential decreased in flooded treatments; however, mesocosms containing B. monnieri remained aerobic for ...

Planned flooding of agricultural fields is performed to prevent erosion (e.g. sheet, gully, and rill) and provide habitat for waterfowl. As a post-harvest field treatment, flooding is becoming more common in the agriculturally dominated landscape of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) in the southeastern United States. Despite this trend, information pertaining to water quality characteristic...

The annual flood and the alteration in hydrological regimes are most vital concerns Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Although synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 imagery is widely used for water management, only a few studies have data mapping surface monitoring events VMD. This study developed an algorithm to implement (i) automatic Otsu threshold on series of images extract (ii) time anal...