During the last decade, ecologists and particularly mathematical ecologists have focused on different approaches to the problem of spatial distribution of species. When the spatial distribution is not considered explicitly, the mathematical models are called spatially implicit. They consider the proportion of territory occupied by given species, but there is no information on which particular s...

The northern stock of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a large, high value, slow growing and late maturing fish that an important target species for both commercial recreational fisheries. Around the UK, scientific assessments have shown rapid eight-year decline in spawning biomass since 2010 attributed to poor recruitment; this was likely driven by environmental factors fishing mort...