Explanation-based Generalization depends on having an explanation on which to base generalization. Thus, a system with an incomplete or intractable explanatory mechanism will not be able to generalize some examples. It is not necessary, in those cases, to give up and resort to purely empirical generalization methods, because the system may already know almost everything it needs to explain the ...

A hierarchical tree structure, the circle tree, is proposed for the efficient storage, access and multi-scale representation of polygonal spatial data. The tree is built by optimally and recursively placing circles of decreasing size to fill a polygon, achieving a near-space filling effect. This paper establishes the precedent for the circle tree in the computer science (e.g. use of volume-fill...

Honoring a living will typically involves treating an incompetent patient in accord with preferences she once had, but whose objects she can no longer understand. How do we respect her "precedent autonomy" by giving her what she used to want? There is a similar problem with "subsequent consent": How can we justify interfering with someone's autonomy on the grounds that she will later consent to...

This work describes two new synthetic methods for the efficient preparation of isoflavones following Ni-catalysed domino arylation reactions vast range ortho-hydroxyarylenaminones utilising aromatic bromides as well carboxylic acids. The presented protocols tolerated significant variation all coupling partners and enabled synthesis isoflavone library twenty-three representatives. is first commun...

We investigate shared language between U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and interest groups’ corresponding amicus briefs. Specifically, we evaluate whether language that originated in an amicus brief acquired legal precedent status by being cited in the Court’s opinion. Using plagiarism detection software, automated querying of a large legal database, and manual analysis, we establish seven...