introduction spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (sseh) is an uncommon but potentially fatal condition. the increased bleeding tendency associated with anticoagulant medications has been proven to increase the risk of sseh. the symptoms of sseh usually begin with sudden severe neck or back pain and are followed by neurological deficits. however, some cases present with only axial pain or with ...

objective(s): to investigate the expression of human papilloma virus (hpv) l1 capsid protein, and human telomerase rna component (hterc) in cervical cancer and the role of detection of both genes in screening of cervical cancer.   materials and methods: a total of 309 patients were recruited and cervical exfoliated cells were collected. immunocytochemistry was employed to detect hpv l1 capsid p...

Introduction: Cervical spine abnormalities can affect the ear vessels and or nerves with different mechanisms. Ear dysfunctions following cervical spine injuries can be manifested as hearing loss, vertigo, or tinnitus. Usually, cervical spine injuries can cause pain and Range of Motion (ROM) limitation. The major objective of this study was to determine which cervical ROM limitation was accompa...

conclusions cervical cancer screening, comprising of both pap test and hpv testing, is an essential part of the routine health care for women as it can facilitate the detection of abnormal cervical cells. hpv infection can produce abnormal pap test results; also, certain types of hpv are associated with cancer. therefore, it is important to diagnose abnormal cervical tissues before the developm...

the 1991 bethesda system for cervical/vaginal cytology reporting has defined adequacy criteria, including unsatisfactory designation. most laboratories in usa and a few laboratories in iran have implemented these criteria, but only few studies about clinical implications have been performed. all unsatisfactory papanicolaou (pap) smears taken between august 2000 and march 2002 were retrieved fro...

objective : this study aimed to review papanicolaou (pap) smears in patients of shohada hospital in tehran. materials and methods :  a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out and a database search of all pap smear reports from 1995 to 2005 at cytopathology department was reviewed. the abnormal pap smear reports based on the bethesda system were assessed. results : a total of 13315 pap...

Background: Cervical ectopic pregnancy is a rare condition with an incidence of less than 0.1% in all ectopic pregnancies. This life-threatening condition is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rates. Recently, the recommended protocol for the treatment of cervical ectopic pregnancy is fertility preservation rather than invasive surgery and hysterectomy. The aim of t...

Background: This research was accomplished to evaluate the IHC expression of p16 (ink4a) and CK17 in low grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and invasive cervical carcinomas and to assess their correlation to HPV (16E6+18E6). Methods: The study...

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is considered as the main sexually transmitted etiological agent for the cause and progression of preneoplastic cervical lesions to cervical cancer. This study is discussing the prevalence of HPV and its genotypes in cervical lesions and invasive cervical cancer tissues and their association with various risk factors in women from Varanasi and its adjoining areas in ...