This article penetrates the relationship between social behavior and rationality. A critical analysis is made of efforts to classify some behaviors as altruistic, as they simultaneously meet criteria of rationality by not truly being self-destructive. Newcomb's paradox is one attempt to create a hybrid behavior that is both irrational and still meets some criterion of rationality. Such dubious ...

This paper presents a novel conceptualization of policy making as social drama. The selection and presentation of evidence for policy making, including the choice of which questions to ask, which evidence to compile in a synthesis and which syntheses to bring to the policy making table, should be considered as moves in a rhetorical argumentation game and not as the harvesting of objective facts...

We live in a social world. Most other animals do too. The social world affords many opportunities and challenges for decision making, from the benefi ts of collective cognition and cooperation to the costs of groupthink and cut-throat competition. Some social situations appear, at least at the moment, to be uniquely human. For instance, morality in humans has been studied for millennia, with do...

Many years of experimental observations have raised questions about the rationality of economic agents for example, in the Allais Paradox or the Equity Premium Puzzle. The problem is a narrow notion of rationality that fails to account how we respond to fear. In this article we extend the notion of rationality with new axioms of choice under uncertainty and the decision criteria they imply [9] ...

The deenitions of cooperation to shared plans and joint intentionality have traditionally included subsidiary goals: they aim at coordinating the part of the group's action which goes beyond the control of individual intentionality. In this paper, we present a deenition of collective acting which explains goals aiming at the group's coordination as a result of the interaction of goal adoption, ...

Significant attention has been devoted to developing intersectoral strategies to reduce health inequities; however, these strategies have largely neglected to consider how equity in health ought to be weighted and balanced with the pursuit of equity for other social goods (eg, education equity). Research in this domain is crucial, as the health sector’s pursuit of health equity may be at odds w...

The tax preference for interest payments by corporations as compared to dividend payments is a long surviving feature of many tax systems. Many have argued that there is no reason for this preference and so it distorts the capital structure of corporations needlessly. This article argues that because the returns to equity are more positively skewed as compared to debt, individual investors will...

background: social health is important to be assessed as a dimension of health. in this study we tried to determine areas and sub-areas of children social health indicators.   methods: in a structured way, we reviewed the main social health databases and documents since 1995, both iranian and international were reviewed to develop conceptual framework and to extract indicators.   results: accor...