A common pattern in time-calibrated molecular phylogenies is a signal of rapid diversification early in the history of a radiation. Because the net rate of diversification is the difference between speciation and extinction rates, such "explosive-early" diversification could result either from temporally declining speciation rates or from increasing extinction rates through time. Distinguishing...

This paper proposes a modified particle swarm optimization method with non linearly decreasing inertia weight (MPSO-NDIW) and time varying acceleration coefficients. In this MPSO-NDIW method, proper control of the global exploration and local exploitation is done in finding the optimum solution efficiently. In the early stage, full range of search space is allowed for search by the PSO algorith...

We consider the single item lot-sizing problem with capacities that are non-decreasing over time. When the cost function is i) non-speculative or Wagner-Whitin (for instance, constant unit production costs and non-negative unit holding costs), and ii) the production set-up costs are non-increasing over time, it is known that the minimum cost lotsizing problem is polynomially solvable using dyna...