We study the dimension of “random” Euclidean sections of direct sums of normed spaces. We compare the obtained results with results from [LMS], to show that for the direct sums the standard randomness with respect to the Haar measure on Grassmanian coincides with a much “weaker” randomness of “diagonal” subspaces (Corollary 1.4 and explanation after). We also add some relative information on “p...

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and direct karyotyping of cytotrophoblast were normal for a male fetus, but cultured chorionic villus mesenchymal cells and umbilical cord fibroblasts showed nonmosaic trisomy 18. This observation provides direct evidence for the cytotrophoblastic origin of cell-free fetal DNA and yields a biological explanation for falsely reassuring NIPT results.

Exist ing explanation facilities are typical ly far more appropriate for knowledge engineers engaged in system maintenance than for endusers of the system. This is because the explanat ion is l i t t le more than a trace of the detailed problem-solving steps. An alternative approach recognizes that an effective explanat ion often needs to substantial ly reorganize the line of reasoning and br i...

Teleological explanations (TEs) account for the existence or properties of an entity in terms of a function: we have hearts because they pump blood, and telephones for communication. While many teleological explanations seem appropriate, others are clearly not warranted--for example, that rain exists for plants to grow. Five experiments explore the theoretical commitments that underlie teleolog...

This essay is meant for a reader who has attained a firm grasp of Bayes' Theorem. An introduction to Bayes' Theorem may be found in An Intuitive Explanation of Bayesian Reasoning (Yudkowsky 2003). You should easily recognize, and intuitively understand,

Learning in multimedia environments is hard because it requires learners to actively comprehend and integrate information across diverse sources and modalities. Selfexplanation is an effective learning strategy that helps learners develop deep understanding of complex phenomena and could be used to support learning from multimedia. Researchers have established the benefits of self-explaining ac...