The efficacy of intraoperative cisternal irrigation using tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) combined with continuous cisternal drainage was assessed for the prevention of symptomatic vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Seventy consecutive patients underwent direct surgery for aneurysm clipping within 48 hours of SAH and had computed tomography (CT) finding...

Essential to understanding the overall structure of river networks is a knowledge of their detailed architecture. Here we explore the presence of randomness in river network structure and the details of its consequences. We first show that an averaged view of network architecture is provided by a proposed self-similarity statement about the scaling of drainage density, a local measure of stream...

Subsurface drainage influences the gaseous exchange in soils and improves crop productivity. Thus, gas diffusivity were monitored on a long-term drainage/tillage experiment established in 1994 at the Waterman Farm of The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Specific objectives of the present study were to compare the gas diffusion and physical properties (bulk density and water retention) ...

the gas-assisted gravity drainage (gagd) process is designed and practiced based on gravitydrainage idea and uses the advantage of density difference between injected co2 and reservoir oil.in this work, one of iran western oilfields was selected as a case study and a sector model wassimulated based on its rock and fluid properties. the pressure of co2 gas injection was close to themmp of the oi...

Hillslope length is a fundamental attribute of landscapes, intrinsically linked to drainage density, landslide hazard, biogeochemical cycling and hillslope sediment transport. Existing methods to estimate catchment average hillslope lengths include inversion of drainage density or identification of a break in slope–area scaling, where the hillslope domain transitions into the fluvial domain. He...