in this paper, boundary value problems of fractional order are converted into an optimal control problems. then an approximate solution is constructed from translations and dilations of a b-spline function such that the exact boundary conditions are satisfied. the fractional differential operators are taken in the riemann-liouville and caputo sense. several example are given and the optimal err...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we study the boundary-value problem of fractional‎ ‎order dynamic equations on time scales‎, ‎$$‎ ‎^c{delta}^{alpha}u(t)=f(t,u(t)),;;tin‎ ‎[0,1]_{mathbb{t}^{kappa^{2}}}:=j,;;1

a class of new methods based on a septic non-polynomial spline function for the numerical solution of problems in calculus of variations is presented. the local truncation errors and the methods of order 2th, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th, are obtained. the inverse of some band matrixes are obtained which are required in proving the convergence analysis of the presented method. convergence anal...

in this work, we study the performance of the sinc-collocation method for solving bratu's problem. for different choices of step size, we consider the maximum absolute errors in the solutions at sinc grid points and tabulated in tables. the comparison of the obtained results veri ed that this method converges to the exact solution rapidly and with

in this article, we verify existence and uniqueness of positive and nondecreasing solution for nonlinear boundary value problem of fractional differential equation in the form d_{0^{+}}^{alpha}x(t)+f(t,x(t))=0, 0x(0)= x'(0)=0, x'(1)=beta x(xi), where $d_{0^{+}}^{alpha}$ denotes the standard riemann-liouville fractional derivative, 0an illustrative example is also presented.

height is amongst the most delicate subjects of geodesy. thanks to the global navigation satellite systems (gnss) like gps or glonass, 3d point positioning of points, by geometrical positioning, since years ago has become a common practice. the height derived from these ways has a geometrical concept. in civil projects the physical concept of the height is more demanded. orthometric height, , i...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we find matrix representation of a class of sixth order sturm-liouville problem (slp) with separated‎, ‎self-adjoint boundary conditions and we show that such slp have finite spectrum‎. ‎also for a given matrix eigenvalue problem $hx=lambda vx$‎, ‎where $h$ is a block tridiagonal matrix and $v$ is a block diagonal matrix‎, ‎we find a sixth order boundary value problem of atkin...