liberalization of energy price increases costs of agricultural inputs and costs of agricultural production. all these changes may affect the overall competitiveness of domestic products with similar foreign products. as a result of that, total cost of agricultural products are increased and profitability are decreased. in this paper, energy consumption for producing corn were calculated using c...

This paper investigates relative aggregate energy efficiency for a panel of 39 developing countries by econometrically estimating an energy-demand function (EDF) using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) approach to provide scores over period 1989 2008. Energy is arguably difficult define or even conceptualise with several interpretations in literature but here it based on economists’ perspe...

• Traditional approaches, including Box–Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, autoregressive and moving average with exogenous variables (ARMAX) model, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, exponential smoothing models [including Holt–Winters model (HW) and seasonal Holt and Winters’ linear exponential smoothing (SHW)], state space/Kalman fi...

For remote places having less-strong wind, single resources based renewable energy system (RES) with battery storage can sustainably and economically generate electrical energy. There is hardly any literature on optimal sizing of such RES for very low load demand situation. The objective of this study is to techno-economically optimize the system design of a Photovoltaic (PV)-battery storage RE...

the promotion of oil and gas industry of a country or region requires foreign and longterm investments. ensuring demand security constitutes one of the major driving forces for promoting investments in oil and gas sectors. our main question is to understand the upcoming energy demand security in the caspian markets. just like supply security, energy demand security cannot be affected mainly by ...

Microgrid and smart electrical grids are among the new concepts in power systems that support new technologies within themselves. Electric cars are some advanced technologies that their optimized use can increase grid efficiency. The modern electric cars sometimes, through the necessary infrastructure and proper management, can serve as an energy source to supply grid loads. This study was cond...

nowadays, factor of energy besides other factors such as labor and capital plays an important role in agricultural production. energy is used as a factor for agricultural machines and instruments. important discussion about this subject is the reaction rate of energy demand to price variations of energy and other factors. so, this study estimates the functions of energy demand in agricultural s...