In October 1732, the cashier and the banker of the Charitable Corporation absconded to France, having embezzled "more than half a million of money".' This fraudulent diversion of funds intended to provide employment and relief for the poor caused uproar, but it was not an isolated incident. Three other statutory bodies-the South Sea Company, the York Buildings Company, and the Derwentwater Trus...

This paper explores citizen demand for corruption in the context of a randomized controlled trial at roadway tolls in Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Motorcycle taxi drivers were offered financial and social incentives to bring receipts proving that they paid the legal toll. We find that financial incentives cause a 7 to 10 percentage increase in the probability that drivers get re...

Using Transparency International’s ratings of firm disclosures on anticorruption efforts, we find that disclosures are related to firms’ country and industry exposures to corruption, and to enforcement and monitoring variables. We then examine whether firms’ residual anticorruption disclosures are related to subsequent allegations of corruption and subsequent performance. Firms with abnormally ...

Background: In every job and profession, following ethical norms is a necessity. But in all professions, there is a possibility that the owners of words will do their work in a wrong way by deviating from the ethical norms. Meanwhile, some legal professions are among high-risk professions in terms of the possibility of moral harm. One of these groups are judges. This issue makes the need for mo...

Background: There are several factors that lead to the growth or decline of the nonperforming loans, such as macroeconomic variables and bank specific variables, banks ownership structure, corruption and information sharing. Among them one of the main factors that affect the non-performing loans are the corruption. In developing countries corruption plays very important role in the growth of no...

Loyalty often drives corruption. Corporate scandals, political machinations, and sports cheating highlight how loyalty’s pernicious nature manifests in collusion, conspiracy, cronyism, nepotism, and other forms of cheating. Yet loyalty is also touted as an ethical principle that guides behavior. Drawing on moral psychology and behavioral ethics research, we developed hypotheses about when group...