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introduction: lasers have made tremendous progress in the field of dentistry and have turned out to be crucial in oral surgery as collateral approach for soft tissue surgery. this rapid progress can be attributed to the fact that lasers allow efficient execution of soft tissue procedures with excellent hemostasis and field visibility. when matched to scalpel, electrocautery or high frequency de...

The objective of this review is to give an overview of the synthetic methods to prepare different indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles and similar systems with a potential use in electro-optical devices such as OLEDs (organic light emitting diode), OPVs (organic photovoltaic) and OFETs (organic field effect transistor). Some further modifications to the core units and their implications for specific applica...

An electronic diode is a nonlinear semiconductor circuit component that allows conduction of electrical current in one direction only. A component with similar functionality for electromagnetic waves, an electromagnetic isolator, is based on the Faraday effect of rotation of the polarization state and is also a key component in optical and microwave systems. Here we demonstrate a chiral electro...

M. Ehlert,1 C. Song,1,2 M. Ciorga,1,* M. Utz,1 D. Schuh,1 D. Bougeard,1 and D. Weiss1 1Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany 2Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Material Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (Received 12 September 2012; revised manuscript received 24 October 2012; published 2...

Abstract The excellent scalability of the vertical channel Field Effect Diode (FED) type 1T-DRAM including Self-Heating Effect (SHE) is presented for the first time. The vertical channel FED type shows the excellent hold characteristics (100msec at 358K) even when silicon pillar diameter is scaled down to 12nm. Moreover, we also show that by employing the vertical FED type, increase of lattice ...